The collective name of the discriminatory laws targeting Black Americans:

• A. Black Codes
• B. Jim Crow Laws
• C. Segregation statutes
• D. Civil Rights Acts

Answer: (B)

Jim Crow laws refer to the system of state and local statutes that enforced racial segregation and discrimination against Black Americans from the late 19th century into the mid-20th century. They created separate facilities and services—schools, transportation, restrooms, housing, voting procedures—and were designed to uphold white supremacy after Reconstruction. This term captures the broad, codified framework of discriminatory rules across many states, rather than isolated actions or reforms. Black Codes describe earlier post–Civil War restrictions, Civil Rights Acts are laws aimed at protecting rights, and segregation statutes is a nonstandard label, making Jim Crow laws the best fit for naming this collective body of discriminatory legislation.