This modern political ideology deals with the aggressive use or threat of hard power in foreign affairs.

• A. Liberal internationalism
• B. Conservatism
• C. Neoconservatism
• D. Progressivism

Answer: (C)

The main idea being tested is how different ideologies view the use of military force and threats in international relations. Neoconservatism is defined by a willingness to use or threaten hard power decisively to shape global outcomes, defend national interests, and promote democracy, often embracing interventionist or proactive actions. This makes it the best fit for describing a modern ideology that centers on aggressive use of force in foreign affairs.

By contrast, liberal internationalism emphasizes diplomacy, alliances, and international institutions—relying on soft power and cooperation rather than coercive force. Conservatism is a broad spectrum that can support a strong defense, but it isn’t distinguished specifically by an emphasis on aggressive use or threats of hard power in foreign policy. Progressivism focuses on domestic and international reform through peaceful, cooperative means rather than the overt use of force.