Under the concept of judicial review, courts have become the key interpreters of what document?

• A. The U.S. Constitution
• B. The Bill of Rights
• C. The Magna Carta
• D. The Declaration of Independence

Answer: (A)

Judicial review centers on courts interpreting the U.S. Constitution. This foundational document sets the powers of the federal government and protects individual rights, so when laws or actions are challenged, courts assess whether they comply with it. The Bill of Rights is an essential part of that framework, but judicial review uses the entire Constitution as the standard, not just the first amendments. The Magna Carta and the Declaration of Independence are important historically, yet they are not the living, authoritative text courts rely on for constitutional validity in this context. Therefore, the document courts primarily interpret under judicial review is the U.S. Constitution.